Advancing Wildlife Conservation Through Automated Wild Animal Detection System

Abstract : The Animal Detection and Alert System Using Raspberry Pi is an intelligent surveillance solution developed to prevent wildlife intrusions into farmlands and human settlements located near forest areas. Leveraging the capabilities of edge artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the system ensures real-time monitoring and responsive alerts. Central to the system is a Raspberry Pi, which serves as the processing unit. It integrates inputs from a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, a camera module, and an ultrasonic distance sensor to detect and identify the presence of animals. When motion is detected, the Raspberry Pi captures an image through the camera and employs a lightweight TensorFlow Lite model to classify the object. If an animal is identified and is found within a critical distance threshold, the system activates a buzzer to scare away the animal and simultaneously triggers a GSM module to send an alert message to the user. This proactive response mechanism allows farmers and forest authorities to act promptly, thereby minimizing crop damage and ensuring human safety. The system is low-cost, compact, energy-efficient, and easy to install, making it highly suitable for deployment in rural and remote regions with limited access to advanced technologies. By fusing edge computing with IoT-based alert systems, this project presents a scalable and practical approach to addressing human-wildlife conflicts, contributing to both agricultural sustainability and wildlife conservation.

Keyword: Animal detection, Raspberry Pi, TensorFlow Lite, IoT, ultrasonic sensor, motion detection, GSM module, edge AI, wildlife alert system, smart farming.